Wiring A New Ceiling Light
The ceiling light fixture requires a neutral for the light to work and your wall switch box does not have a neutral.
Wiring a new ceiling light. Wiring a new ceiling light and switch from an existing power source from what has been described in this question it appears that a neutral wire is not available at the wall switch. Determine a location for the light switch. Remove the old ceiling light.
Unscrew the screws or nuts holding the fixture base to the ceiling box. From the switch new 2 wire cable is run to the new light location. Look at the wires on the back of the new light fixture and note black insulation on one and white on the other.
Run cable into the box and clamp it. Trace the mounting box on the ceiling where the light fixture will be mounted. Make electrical connections between the 14 2 electrical wire and the wires attached to the light fixture.
Before doing any electrical work always shut off power to the house at the main breaker. It should be 48 from the floor. Connect your white wires together and secure with wire nut.
Insert the wires through the box clamps and insert the new box. Tie them together with wire nuts. Turn off the power to the existing light.
Inspect the wiring in the outlet box. Find the main breaker box and turn off either the individual breaker for. Lower the fixture base and remove the electrical tape or wire nuts from the black hot wire white neutral wire and if present green ground wire.